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Contents
in Details
Preface
to 2nd Edition v
Preface vii
Introduction iv
Contents xiii
1.
What is a Pre-Purchase Survey? 1
What
is a Marine Surveyor 1
Legal
Responsibility 3
A Written Record of Performance 4
Pass-On Surveys 4
Defining
A Pre-Purchase Survey 5
Primary
Objective 5
Seaworthiness 7
What Does the Client Want? 8
Scope of the Survey 8
Limitations of Scope 9
Think Like a Lawyer 10
Survey
Parameters 12
Getting
Started 12
Qualifying the Client 13
Hull Survey 14
Main Engines 15
Electrical Systems 16
Electronics 16
Plumbing 17
Performance 17
Geographic Considerations 17
Pass or Fail? 18
List
of Survey Categories and Items 19
2.
Business Practices and Client Relations 25
Qualifying
the Client 25
Initial Contact 27
A Good Sales Technique 28
Getting Paid 29
Setting and Quoting Fees 31
Cancellations 32
Merchant Account and Credit Cards 33
Client’s Presence 34
Brokers vs Direct Sales 36
Survey Logistics 37
Travelling to Foreign Countries 38
A Question of Quality 46
The First-time Buyer 48
Old Boats 49
Fast Closing Deals 52
Repair Costs 54
Working Conditions 54
Dealing With the Seller 55
3.
Sound vs. Seaworthiness 59
Seaworthy
-vs- Soundness 60
What is a Sound Hull? 62
Where You are Makes a Difference 63
A Case in Point 64
Don’t be Influenced by Reputation 66
Entry-Level Boats 67
4.
Procedures 71
Order
and Progression 71
Working with Captains 72
Engine Surveyors 73
Opening Up 74
Where to Start 74
Notes 76
File Management 77
Memorizing Techniques 78
Photography 78
The Hauled Survey 78
Sea Trial 80
Post Survey 81
The
Surveyor's Kit 84
Digital
-vs- Film Cameras 86
5.
Hull and Its Structures 89
Essentials
of Composites 90
Laying Process 90
Solid Laminates 90
Molding Hulls 91
Laying in Cores 93
Structural Properties of Laminates 94
Solid Laminates 95
Cored Laminates 96
Basic Structural Principles 99
Shape Affects Strength 99
Design Elements 100
Decks 101
Stringers 101
Bulkheads 105
Frames 107
Tabbing 107
Internal Structural Materials 108
Examples of Structural Design Defects 110
Stringer Design Error 111
Bulkhead Failure 111
Common Structural Failures 113
Stress Cracking in Superstructures 114
Hull Stress Cracking 116
Structural Weakness 117
Bottom Strakes 118
Bulkheading 120
Stringers 122
Primary Symptoms 125
Cored Hulls 127
Balsa 127
Foam Cores 128
Bulkhead Installation with Foam Cores 133
Water Ingress 133
Other Core Types 136
Coremat 136
Putty or Spray Cores 136
Background 139
Why Design Faults Occur 139
An Embarrassing Example 141
Marketing and Price Pressures 141
Summary 142
6.
Surveying the Hull 143
Procedure
143
Hull Numbers 144
Internal Hull Inspection 145
Liners 148
Evaluating Structural Design 149
The Great Unseen 150
Sawdust and Debris 151
Bulkheading 154
Stringers 155
Hull Bottom and Sides 156
Termites & Other Pests 157
The Hauled Survey 158
Sighting a Hull 159
The Keel 162
The Running Gear 162
Stern Drives 164
Some Things You May Not Have Thought About 165
The Deck Joint 165
Attachments 165
Mr. Blister 167
Sea Trial 168
7.
Using Moisture Meters 173
What
does a meter really detect? 176
Are meters affected by humidity? 176
Do Meters read fluids other than water? 176
Does old gel coat absorb high amounts of water? 176
Hydrolysis 177
Water Absorption by Solid Laminates 177
Reinforcement Fabrics 181
Balsa 183
Rot in Balsa 186
Hydraulic Destruction of Balsa 187
Foam Cores 187
Meter Behavior With Foam Bottoms 190
Meter Behavior with Foam Hull Sides 191
Pseudo Cores 191
Spray Cores 192
Bottom Paint 193
Decks and Housetops 193
8.
Stress Cracks & Surface Irregularities 195
Stress
Cracking on Bottoms 196
Weak Panel Flexing 197
Hinge Effect and Hard Spots 198
Parallel Stress Cracking 198
Starburst Cracks 199
Gel Coat Break-Outs 200
Drawing Conclusions 200
Bottom Crazing 201
Cracking on Hull Sides 202
Cracking on Decks and Superstructures 203
Surface Irregularities 204
Alligatoring 204
Print Through 204
Excessive Gel Coat Thickness 206
Gel Coat Voids 206
Mottling, Uneven Coloration 206
Surface Porosity 207
9.
Decks & Superstructure 209
Hull-to-Deck
Joint 209
Methods of Attachment 211
Weak Hull Sides 212
Decks 213
Core Materials 216
Drainage 220
Towers 222
Tenders, Pulpits and Davits 223
10.
Cockpits 225
Plastic
Hatches 226
Estimating Changes in Trim 232
Pounds per Inch Immersion 233
Are Scuppers Necessary? 234
Motor Wells 234
Design Trends 236
Sport Fishermen 238
Deck Wells 238
11.
Drive Train 241
Engine
Mounts 243
Struts 246
Strut Bolts 249
Shafting 250
Packing Glands 252
12.
Gas Engines 255
Gas
Engines 257
Pricing Engine Surveys 259
Why Engines Wear Out Prematurely 260
Normal Engine Life 261
Getting Started 262
Basic Diagnostics 262
Compression Tests 263
Visual Inspection 265
Cooling Systems 265
Gasket Leaks 267
Exhaust Risers 267
Carburetors 268
Exhaust Emissions 269
Carbon Monoxide Hazards 269
Pyrometer Checks 270
Stern Drive Boats 271
Vee Drive Installations 271
Lube Oils 271
Oil Analysis 272
Electrical Systems 272
Sea Trial 273
13.
Fuel Systems 275
Scope of Survey 275
Fuel Tanks 277
Aluminum Tanks 278
Foamed Tank Installations 279
Deck Mounted Aluminum 282
Iron Tanks 284
Stainless Steel 284
Metallic Tank Mounting 285
Systems and Materials 287
Fuel Lines 287
Copper Tubing 287
Fuel Hose 288
Fuel Tank Senders 290
General Routing 290
Valves 291
Electric Fuel Pumps 292
Fuel Fill Systems 293
Tank Vents 294
Large Systems 295
14.
Exhaust Systems 297
Materials
298
Fiberglass Pipe 298
Exhaust Hose 299
Stainless Steel 300
Cast Iron 300
Aluminum 301
Copper 301
Mufflers 303
Tubular mufflers 303
Water Lift Mufflers 304
Bottle Mufflers 305
Back Pressure 305
Exhaust Risers 306
Lagged Risers 307
Water-jacketed Risers 309
Jacketed Down-sweep Risers 310
Gas Engine Risers 310
Stainless Steel Risers 311
Large System Mounting 312
System Installation 314
Generator Exhaust Systems 315
The Carbon Monoxide Hazard 315
Back Surge Protection 317
Flappers 318
Underwater Exhausts 319
Hull Side Exhausts 320
Transom Attachments 321
Hose Clamps 321
15.
Electrical Systems 323
Stray
Current/Galvanic Corrosion Problems 326
Clean Dry Environment 328
Proper Securement 329
Connections 329
Wire Splices 329
Steel Junction Boxes 330
Conduits 330
Corrosion 331
Bilge Water 332
Understanding Grounding 333
Dock Ground Problems 334
Galvanic Isolators 334
Surveying the System 335
AC System Check Out 335
Ground Circuit Test 336
Line Voltage Drop 336
Circuit Breakers 337
Main Panel Boxes 338
Power Supply Protection 339
What Is Electrolysis? 340
Sub Circuits 342
AC Generators 343
Generator Output 344
Service Outlets 344
DC Systems 345
Batteries 345
Battery Location 345
Typical Equipment Amperage Draw 346
Battery Charging 348
Battery Testing 349
Terminals 349
In-Line Fuses 350
16.
Plumbing Systems 351
System
Types 351
Health Hazards 352
System Materials 353
PVC Piping 354
Copper Pipe 356
Brass 356
Bronze 357
Stainless Steel 358
Aluminum 358
Iron and Steel 359
Marine
Hose 359
Hose
Failures 360
Marine Sanitation Systems(MSD’s) 362
Legal Requirements 362
Macerator Pump Systems 364
Reverse Siphoning 365
System installation 366
Valving 367
Sea Water Systems 367
Design 367
Check Valves 368
Strainers 369
Valves 370
Plastic Valves 371
Plastic Through Hulls 371
Air conditioning 372
Bait Wells 373
Plastic Transducers 373
Plastic Pipe Fittings 374
Fresh Water Systems 374
Aluminum Tanks 375
Bilge Pumping 376
DC Pumping 377
Number of Pumps 378
Primary Service Pump 379
Stern Pump 379
Forward Pumps 379
Backup Pumps 379
Float Switches 380
Idiot Lights 380
High Water Alarms 380
Capacity ratings 381
Riser Loops 381
Emergency Pumps 382
Why Bilge Pumps Fail 383
Open Boats 384
Freezing Climates 385
17.
Sea Trials 387
Special
Considerations 388
Doing it Right 389
Taking Control 390
Vessel Speed 391
Handling Characteristics 392
Main Engines 394
Engine Performance 395
Engine Instruments 396
Back Down Test 396
Shaft Runout 397
System Vibration 398
Helm Response 398
Autopilots 399
18.
Appraisal 401
Fair
Market Value 403
Current Market Value 403
Oddballs and Custom Yachts 404
Comparables 405
Appraisal Guides 406
Determining Original Cost 408
Extra Equipment 409
Learning about Equipment 410
Repair Costs 411
Geographical Considerations 411
Contingency Values 412
Explanations 413
19.
Reporting 415
Fundamentals
416
Tone 416
Learning to Write 416
Writing Style 417
Adequate Time 418
Format 418
Introductions 419
Specifications 419
Critical Components and Systems 420
Inventories 420
Good Descriptions 421
Terminology 422
Descriptive Adjectives 424
Statements of Omission 425
Survey Forms 426
Dealing with Cause and Effect 427
Fact -vs- Opinion 428
Achieving Balance: The Positive -vs- the Negative 429
Avoid Clichés 430
Disclaimers 431
Report Summaries 433
Legalese 436
Index
437
Copyright
2001-2005 David H. Pascoe |
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